我今天要小小的科普一下,本来这不是我喜欢干的事,因为科普很无聊。但实在是因为我要写的这个话题牵涉面太广泛了,我今后要写的很多东西都会多多少少引用到这一篇,所以还是得写一下。其实说是科普,我也没法心平气和的讲科学,我是带着一肚子气的,气中国人的愚昧落后,更气无辜的孩子因此而受到的折磨。
我要说的是感冒。
感冒的起因
普通感冒,英文叫common cold,也叫cold,不仅中国老祖宗,西方老祖宗早在16世纪也曾经认为感冒是由“着凉”引起的(所以才会起cold这个名字)。因为那时候医学水平落后,人们只注意到感冒和冷天气的相关性,而无法找到内在的真实原因。
但是西方人通过上世纪初就开始的多次人体实验以及之后的理论研究,已经证明了感冒的病因是病毒或者细菌感染,而与cold无关,大众对此的接受度非常高,继续沿用cold这个名称只不过是习惯罢了。
但是处在同一个21世纪的中国,绝大多数人们仍然坚信着一百年前的理论,即感冒发烧是由着凉引起的。谁跟他科普他跟谁急:“病毒是什么?别跟我扯这些花里胡哨的,我每次感冒明明都是因为衣服穿少了。”
至于为什么冷环境下感冒频率增加,是因为一些感冒病毒在湿冷的天气下更加活跃,以及冷空气会影响呼吸系统机制、从而降低免疫力等等。所以即便冷天易感冒,多穿衣也是没用的。
感冒的预防
既然是呼吸道的病毒或细菌感染,现代医学认为最有效的预防手段,一是减少和病原的接触,比如勤洗手和戴口罩,二是提高自身免疫力,比如保证睡眠和坚持锻炼。
但是中医始终坚信预防感冒很简单,就是多穿点儿,不要着凉。把毛衣穿上,秋裤穿上(两条),毛裤和棉袄也穿上,我们中国人是热不死的,也丑不死,只会被冻死。
感冒的治疗
关于治疗,现代医学认为感冒属于自限性疾病,只要不是细菌感染需要使用抗生素,其它所有病毒性感冒无法被任何药物治愈,但是只要注意休息,增强自身免疫系统抵抗力,一般都会在三五天到两个礼拜内痊愈。
但是中国人感冒是要吃各种药的,而且每个人觉得对他们“特别有效”的药(安慰剂)都不一样。实际上我就是每天吃屎,吃上三五天感冒自己也好了,我以后是不是可以介绍大家感了冒可以去吃屎?
关于发烧
还有就是发烧,这个免疫系统提升体温抵御病毒的机制,被现代医学视为非常正常且积极的身体反应,除非有严重不适,否则连止痛退烧药(布洛芬和扑热息痛)也没有特别推荐使用(因为它们并不能从根本上治愈感冒)。
而很多中国人视发烧为洪水猛兽,甚至会按老祖宗的盖棉被捂汗法进行物理升温的治疗。发烧时继续物理升温对身体的损害有多大,中国人并不了解,尤其是对婴幼儿,西医之所以主张用一些方法施行物理降温,就是为了预防由高温引发的心脏病等比感冒更严重的疾病。就是说,你三十岁上查出来的心脏病,很有可能是小时候发烧被你亲奶奶用棉被捂出来的。
关于抗生素
90%的感冒是由病毒引起的,只有10%是由细菌引起,医院里验血或尿就是为了确定这10%,如果查出是细菌感染,就要使用抗生素。其它90%情况下的病毒感染是绝对不应该使用抗生素的,不仅毫无效果,而且副作用明显。
但是中国人的抗生素是放在自家厨房里的,吃抗生素就跟吃板蓝根一样轻松随意。俗话说得好,想治百病找二宝,板蓝根和消炎药。就连我的老外朋友都质问过我知不知道中国人滥用抗生素给全世界带来的影响(细菌抗药性)。我说我知道,我对不起大家,我请你们喝咖啡还不行吗。
好了,差不多就这些吧,写的我火冒三丈了已经,我这个人有个缺点,写文章太投入,尤其是骂人的时候,我写一篇文章跟上海人吵三小时架一样累,别说旁人,我有时候都搞不明白我自己,图什么啊这是?哎,不说了,歇会儿去。
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